// fs-species.jsx — full woody-species data from the Short's Resort Propagation Manual (SR-PROP-01). // 21 plates (codes A–U). Images in assets/species/{code}-form.jpg & -detail.jpg; credits in window.FS_CREDITS. const SP_GROUPS = [ { id:'canopy', t:'Foundation Canopy' }, { id:'nurse', t:'Nurse / Accelerator Tree' }, { id:'riparian', t:'Riparian Trees' }, { id:'wildlife', t:'Wildlife / Succession Trees' }, { id:'specialty',t:'Specialty Trees' }, { id:'shrub', t:'Structural Shrubs' }, { id:'vine', t:'Vine' }, ]; const FS_SPECIES = [ { code:'A', slug:'post-oak', common:'Post Oak', latin:'Quercus stellata', group:'canopy', role:'Foundation canopy tree. Post Oak is one of the defining trees of the historic oak savannas of Central Texas. It exists at Short\u2019s Resort to establish the long-term character of the upland oak prairie.', diff:'2 / 5', growth:'Slow', drought:'Excellent', flood:'Poor', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Moderate; protect young seedlings', method:'Seed', container:'D40 Deepot', sitePrimary:'Western Headwaters Savanna', siteSecondary:'Drainage Savanna Edge, Filter Band, higher Shelterbelt pockets', siteAvoid:'Wet drainage core, floodplain basin, low riparian soils', soils:'SeC, SuB, RuB', hydrology:'Dry to seasonally moist, well-drained, no standing water', seed:'Collect acorns September\u2013November. Use fresh, heavy acorns with no insect holes. Float test and keep most sinkers.', strat:'Usually not required. Recommended: 30\u201360 days cold storage in slightly damp coir to improve timing.', prop:'Plant acorn 1 inch deep directly into a D40 Deepot. Keep moist, not saturated. Germination usually occurs in 2\u20138 weeks.', progression:'Acorn \u2192 D40 Deepot \u2192 Field planting. Optional: D60 Deepot if holding longer than one season.', water:'Keep evenly moist during germination. After sprouting, allow surface to partially dry between waterings.', light:'Bright light after germination. 14\u201316 hours under grow lights. Harden into full sun.', outplant:'Best age 6\u201318 months. Plant November\u2013February.', establish:['Year 1: 5\u201310 gallons every 10\u201314 days during drought.','Year 2: 10 gallons every 2\u20134 weeks if dry.','Year 3: drought emergency only.'], notes:'Most growth happens below ground. Do not judge success by height. Taproot development is the priority.' }, { code:'B', slug:'bur-oak', common:'Bur Oak', latin:'Quercus macrocarpa', group:'canopy', role:'Foundation canopy tree. Bur Oak provides large-canopy structure, shade, and heavy mast production. It is more adaptable to drainage edges and deeper soils than Post Oak.', diff:'2 / 5', growth:'Moderate', drought:'Very good', flood:'Good', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Moderate; protect young trees', method:'Seed', container:'D40 Deepot', sitePrimary:'River Conservation Strip, Drainage Edge, Western Headwaters Savanna', siteSecondary:'Filter Band, Shelterbelt', siteAvoid:'Extremely shallow limestone shelves', soils:'BeB, SeC, RuB, Oa, SuB', hydrology:'Adaptable; tolerates seasonal wetness and drought once established', seed:'Collect acorns September\u2013November. Prioritize large, heavy, undamaged acorns. Float test.', strat:'Usually not required. Optional 30\u201360 days cold storage.', prop:'Plant 1\u20131.5 inches deep in D40 Deepot. Germination: 2\u20138 weeks.', progression:'Acorn \u2192 D40 Deepot \u2192 Field planting.', water:'Moderate moisture. Do not allow complete dry-down.', light:'Full grow lights after sprouting. Harden to full sun.', outplant:'Best age 6\u201318 months. Plant November\u2013February.', establish:['Year 1: 10 gallons every 10\u201314 days during drought.','Year 2: 15 gallons every 3 weeks if dry.','Year 3: drought only.'], notes:'One of the most adaptable oaks in the manual. Excellent candidate for drainage edges and deep savanna soils.' }, { code:'C', slug:'live-oak', common:'Live Oak', latin:'Quercus virginiana', group:'canopy', role:'Foundation evergreen canopy. Live Oak provides year-round structure, nesting cover, thermal shelter, and iconic Hill Country character.', diff:'2 / 5', growth:'Moderate', drought:'Excellent', flood:'Fair', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Moderate', method:'Seed', container:'D40 Deepot', sitePrimary:'Western Headwaters Savanna, Eastern Shelterbelt', siteSecondary:'Drainage Savanna Edge', siteAvoid:'Wet floodplain, saturated low areas', soils:'SeC, RuB, SuB', hydrology:'Upland, well-drained, drought tolerant', seed:'Collect mature brown acorns September\u2013December. Float test.', strat:'Usually unnecessary. Optional 30 days cold storage.', prop:'Plant 1 inch deep in D40 Deepot. Germination: 2\u20136 weeks.', progression:'Acorn \u2192 D40 Deepot \u2192 Field planting.', water:'Moderate. Allow slight drying between watering.', light:'Strong grow lights. Harden to full sun.', outplant:'Best age 8\u201318 months. Plant November\u2013February.', establish:['Year 1: 10 gallons every 10\u201314 days during drought.','Year 2: 15 gallons every 3\u20134 weeks if dry.','Year 3: minimal.'], notes:'Do not crowd. Live Oaks become enormous. One well-placed Live Oak can become a destination on the property.' }, { code:'D', slug:'monterrey-oak', common:'Monterrey Oak', latin:'Quercus polymorpha', group:'nurse', role:'Nurse / accelerator tree. Included for fast shade, structure, and early habitat while slower native canopy species mature. It should not dominate the long-term restoration story.', diff:'1 / 5', growth:'Fast', drought:'Excellent', flood:'Fair', wildlife:'Good', deer:'Moderate', method:'Seed', container:'D40 Deepot', sitePrimary:'Shelterbelt, cabin/gathering areas, selected upland savanna pockets', siteSecondary:'Drainage edge', siteAvoid:'Floodplain, wet drainage core', soils:'SeC, RuB, SuB', hydrology:'Well-drained upland to moderate moisture', seed:'Collect acorns October\u2013January when mature and brown.', strat:'Optional 30\u201360 days cold storage.', prop:'Plant 1 inch deep in D40 Deepot. Germinates readily.', progression:'Acorn \u2192 D40 Deepot \u2192 Field planting.', water:'Moderate. Fast growth may require more frequent watering than Post Oak.', light:'Full grow lights. Harden to full sun.', outplant:'Best age 6\u201312 months. Plant November\u2013February.', establish:['Year 1: 10 gallons every 7\u201310 days during drought.','Year 2: 10\u201315 gallons every 3\u20134 weeks if dry.'], notes:'Use strategically. Best near human-use areas, roads, shelterbelts, and places where early shade matters.' }, { code:'E', slug:'cedar-elm', common:'Cedar Elm', latin:'Ulmus crassifolia', group:'canopy', role:'Foundation habitat tree. Cedar Elm is one of the most versatile native trees in the manual and belongs in nearly every restoration zone.', diff:'1 / 5', growth:'Fast', drought:'Excellent', flood:'Good', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Moderate', method:'Seed', container:'Bootstrap Cell \u2192 D40 Deepot', sitePrimary:'River, Drainage, Shelterbelt, Upland Draws, Filter Band', siteSecondary:'\u2014', siteAvoid:'\u2014', soils:'All mapped soils', hydrology:'Highly adaptable', seed:'Collect papery seeds September\u2013October.', strat:'None required.', prop:'Sow shallowly, just covered. Germination often occurs in 1\u20133 weeks.', progression:'Seed \u2192 Bootstrap Cell \u2192 D40 Deepot \u2192 Field planting.', water:'Keep moist during germination. Reduce once established.', light:'Bright light to full sun.', outplant:'Best age 6\u201312 months. Plant November\u2013February.', establish:['Year 1: 5\u201310 gallons every 2 weeks during drought.','Year 2: drought only unless planting in exposed sites.'], notes:'If unsure what tree belongs somewhere, Cedar Elm is often the answer.' }, { code:'F', slug:'pecan', common:'Pecan', latin:'Carya illinoinensis', group:'riparian', role:'Riparian mast tree. Pecan belongs in deep soils, drainages, and river-influenced zones. It is a legacy tree, not an upland restoration tree.', diff:'1 / 5', growth:'Moderate to fast in good soil', drought:'Moderate once established', flood:'Good', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Moderate', method:'Seed', container:'D60 Deepot or deepest available', sitePrimary:'River Conservation Strip, Drainage Edge, deep alluvial pockets', siteSecondary:'Western Headwaters Draws only', siteAvoid:'Thin rocky uplands, dry shelterbelt, shallow limestone', soils:'BeB, Oa, deep SuB pockets', hydrology:'Deep soil, seasonal moisture, no severe drought exposure', seed:'Collect fresh nuts October\u2013December.', strat:'Required or strongly recommended: 90\u2013120 days cold stratification in slightly damp coir.', prop:'Plant whole nut 1\u20132 inches deep after stratification.', progression:'Nut \u2192 D60 Deepot / treepot \u2192 Field planting.', water:'Even moisture. Do not dry completely.', light:'Strong light after germination. Harden to full sun.', outplant:'Best age 6\u201318 months. Plant November\u2013February.', establish:['Year 1: 10\u201315 gallons every 7\u201310 days during dry periods.','Year 2: 15 gallons every 2\u20133 weeks in drought.','Year 3: monthly drought support if needed.'], notes:'Do not plant pecan as an upland prairie tree. Plant it where water and deep soil already want a pecan.' }, { code:'G', slug:'bald-cypress', common:'Bald Cypress', latin:'Taxodium distichum', group:'riparian', role:'Riparian anchor tree. Bald Cypress stabilizes wet corridors, creates long-lived habitat, and visually marks the water-bearing portions of the property.', diff:'1 / 5', growth:'Moderate to fast with water', drought:'Moderate once established', flood:'Excellent', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Moderate; protect young trees', method:'Seed', container:'Bootstrap Cell \u2192 D40/D60', sitePrimary:'River Conservation Strip, lower Drainage Corridor', siteSecondary:'Tank edges, wet pockets', siteAvoid:'Upland savanna, shelterbelt, shallow limestone', soils:'BeB, Oa', hydrology:'Seasonal flooding, wet feet, deep soil, drainage concentration', seed:'Collect cones in fall to early winter when brown and mature.', strat:'Recommended: 60\u201390 days cold stratification in moist coir.', prop:'Sow seeds shallowly, about 1/4 inch deep. Keep evenly moist.', progression:'Seed \u2192 Bootstrap Cell \u2192 D40/D60 \u2192 Field planting.', water:'Keep consistently moist. Tolerates wetter nursery conditions than most species.', light:'Bright light to full sun.', outplant:'Best age 6\u201318 months. Plant November\u2013February.', establish:['Year 1: 10\u201315 gallons every 7\u201310 days during dry periods.','Year 2: 10\u201315 gallons every 2\u20133 weeks if dry.','Year 3: 15\u201320 gallons monthly during severe drought only.'], notes:'Plant in groves of 5\u201315 where possible. A cluster creates stronger habitat and insurance against losses.' }, { code:'H', slug:'hackberry', common:'Hackberry', latin:'Celtis laevigata / reticulata', group:'wildlife', role:'Wildlife support tree. Hackberry is one of the highest-ROI trees for birds, insects, and rapid habitat structure.', diff:'1 / 5', growth:'Fast', drought:'Very good', flood:'Good', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Moderate', method:'Seed', container:'Bootstrap Cell \u2192 D40', sitePrimary:'River, Drainage, Shelterbelt, Filter Band', siteSecondary:'Upland savanna pockets', siteAvoid:'\u2014', soils:'All mapped soils', hydrology:'Highly adaptable', seed:'Collect ripe berries late summer through winter when dark and mature.', strat:'Recommended: 60\u201390 days cold stratification after cleaning pulp.', prop:'Clean fruit pulp thoroughly. Sow 1/4\u20131/2 inch deep.', progression:'Seed \u2192 Bootstrap Cell \u2192 D40 Deepot \u2192 Field planting.', water:'Moderate. Do not keep saturated.', light:'Full sun after establishment.', outplant:'Best age 6\u201312 months. Plant November\u2013February.', establish:['Year 1: 5\u201310 gallons every 2 weeks during drought.','Year 2: drought only.'], notes:'People often dislike hackberry in yards. Wildlife does not. This is a bird tree.' }, { code:'I', slug:'black-cherry', common:'Black Cherry', latin:'Prunus serotina var. eximia', group:'wildlife', role:'Wildlife / succession tree. Black Cherry provides fruit for birds, flowers for pollinators, and faster vertical structure than slow oaks.', diff:'2 / 5', growth:'Fast to moderate', drought:'Moderate', flood:'Fair', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Low to moderate; protect', method:'Seed', container:'Bootstrap Cell \u2192 D40', sitePrimary:'River, Drainage Edge, deeper SuB/RuB soils', siteSecondary:'Upland pockets with better soil', siteAvoid:'Exposed dry limestone ridges', soils:'BeB, RuB, SuB', hydrology:'Moderate moisture, good drainage', seed:'Collect ripe dark fruits in summer.', strat:'Clean pulp. Warm stratification 30\u201360 days followed by cold stratification 90\u2013120 days.', prop:'Sow 1/4\u20131/2 inch deep after stratification.', progression:'Seed \u2192 Bootstrap Cell \u2192 D40 \u2192 Field planting.', water:'Moderate, steady moisture.', light:'Bright light. Full sun to part sun after hardening.', outplant:'Best age 6\u201318 months. Plant November\u2013February.', establish:['Year 1: 10 gallons every 10\u201314 days during drought.','Year 2: every 3\u20134 weeks if dry.'], notes:'Do not overplant near livestock areas without understanding browse/toxicity concerns. Best as wildlife corridor and woodland-edge tree.' }, { code:'J', slug:'mexican-plum', common:'Mexican Plum', latin:'Prunus mexicana', group:'wildlife', role:'Understory wildlife and pollinator tree. Mexican Plum provides early bloom, fruit, edge structure, and seasonal beauty.', diff:'2 / 5', growth:'Moderate', drought:'Good', flood:'Fair', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Low to moderate; protect', method:'Seed or cuttings', container:'Bootstrap Cell \u2192 4-inch pot or D40', sitePrimary:'River, Drainage Edge, Shelterbelt pockets', siteSecondary:'Upland savanna edges', siteAvoid:'Wet core, exposed dry ridge tops', soils:'BeB, RuB, SuB', hydrology:'Moderate moisture, well-drained', seed:'Collect ripe plums in summer when fruit softens.', strat:'Clean pits. Cold stratification 90\u2013120 days.', prop:'Plant pit 1/2\u20131 inch deep after stratification.', progression:'Seed \u2192 Bootstrap Cell \u2192 4-inch pot / D40 \u2192 Field planting.', water:'Moderate moisture.', light:'Bright light to full sun.', outplant:'Best age 6\u201318 months. Plant November\u2013February.', establish:['Year 1: 5\u201310 gallons every 10\u201314 days during drought.','Year 2: drought only.'], notes:'A great edge species. Use where birds, pollinators, and visual interest matter.' }, { code:'K', slug:'texas-persimmon', common:'Texas Persimmon', latin:'Diospyros texana', group:'wildlife', role:'Wildlife tree / structural understory. Texas Persimmon provides fruit, cover, sculptural form, and exceptional drought tolerance.', diff:'2 / 5', growth:'Slow to moderate', drought:'Excellent', flood:'Poor to fair', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Moderate', method:'Seed', container:'Bootstrap Cell \u2192 D40 or 4-inch pot', sitePrimary:'Shelterbelt, Upland Savanna, Filter Band, River high terrace', siteSecondary:'Drainage edges', siteAvoid:'Wet drainage core', soils:'SeC, RuB, SuB', hydrology:'Dry to moderate, well-drained', seed:'Collect ripe black fruit in summer to early fall.', strat:'Clean pulp completely. Cold stratification 60\u201390 days recommended.', prop:'Sow 1/4\u20131/2 inch deep.', progression:'Seed \u2192 Bootstrap Cell \u2192 D40 / 4-inch pot \u2192 Field planting.', water:'Moderate. Avoid soggy media.', light:'Bright light to full sun.', outplant:'Best age 6\u201318 months. Plant November\u2013February.', establish:['Year 1: 5\u201310 gallons every 2 weeks during drought.','Year 2: drought only.'], notes:'Because a fruiting tree is already available on the property, this should be a priority seed-collection species.' }, { code:'L', slug:'bigtooth-maple', common:'Bigtooth Maple', latin:'Acer grandidentatum', group:'specialty', role:'Specialty tree. Bigtooth Maple is included for shaded draws, north-facing microsites, seasonal color, and ecological diversity.', diff:'4 / 5', growth:'Slow to moderate', drought:'Moderate in the right site', flood:'Poor', wildlife:'Good', deer:'Low; protect', method:'Seed', container:'D40', sitePrimary:'Shaded draws, north-facing slopes, protected canyon-like microsites', siteSecondary:'River high terrace shade pockets', siteAvoid:'Exposed upland prairie, hot south-facing slopes, wet clay', soils:'Protected SeC/RuB/SuB microsites with shade and drainage', hydrology:'Cool, protected, moderate moisture', seed:'Collect mature samaras in late summer to fall.', strat:'Cold stratification 90\u2013120 days.', prop:'Sow shallowly after stratification.', progression:'Seed \u2192 D40 \u2192 Field planting.', water:'Consistent moisture but not saturated.', light:'Part shade / bright indirect. Avoid heat stress.', outplant:'Best age 12\u201324 months. Plant November\u2013February into a protected microsite.', establish:['Year 1: 10 gallons every 7\u201310 days during dry heat.','Year 2: 10\u201315 gallons every 2\u20133 weeks if dry.','Year 3: drought support in summer.'], notes:'Do not treat as a prairie tree. This is a microclimate species.' }, { code:'M', slug:'texas-madrone', common:'Texas Madrone', latin:'Arbutus xalapensis', group:'specialty', role:'Signature specimen. Texas Madrone is rare, beautiful, difficult, and worth attempting in limited numbers.', diff:'5 / 5', growth:'Slow', drought:'Excellent once established', flood:'Very poor', wildlife:'Good', deer:'Moderate', method:'Seed', container:'D60 Deepot or tall treepot', sitePrimary:'Rocky, well-drained upland microsites; protected slopes', siteSecondary:'Shelterbelt high pockets with excellent drainage', siteAvoid:'Wet soils, clay basins, drainage core, floodplain', soils:'Well-drained rocky SeC/SuB microsites', hydrology:'Dry, sharply drained, no wet feet', seed:'Collect ripe red/orange fruit when fully mature.', strat:'Clean pulp carefully. Cold stratification 60\u201390 days may improve germination.', prop:'Sow shallowly in very well-drained mineral media. Avoid overwatering.', progression:'Seed \u2192 D60 / tall treepot \u2192 Field planting with minimal root disturbance.', water:'Light, careful watering. Let media approach dry between waterings. Never keep soggy.', light:'Bright light. Protect from extreme heat while young.', outplant:'Best age 12\u201324 months, only if root system can be planted without disturbance. Plant November\u2013February.', establish:['Year 1: 5 gallons every 2\u20133 weeks during drought.','Year 2: drought only.','Do not overwater.'], notes:'Root disturbance is the enemy. Treat as experimental and special. Establishing even a few would be a major success.' }, { code:'N', slug:'agarita', common:'Agarita', latin:'Mahonia / Berberis trifoliolata', group:'shrub', role:'Evergreen structural shrub. Agarita provides bird cover, berries, pollinator flowers, drought tolerance, and deer resistance.', diff:'4 / 5', growth:'Slow', drought:'Excellent', flood:'Poor', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'High', method:'Seed and cuttings', container:'4-inch pot', sitePrimary:'Upland Savanna, Shelterbelt, Filter Band', siteSecondary:'Dry drainage edge', siteAvoid:'Wet drainage core, floodplain', soils:'SeC, RuB, SuB', hydrology:'Dry, well-drained', seed:'Collect ripe red berries May\u2013June.', strat:'Warm stratification 60\u201390 days followed by cold stratification 60\u201390 days recommended.', prop:'From seed: clean pulp thoroughly, sow 1/4 inch deep; germination may take 3\u201312 months. From cuttings: semi-hardwood late summer to early fall, 50\u201370% perlite media + rooting hormone, keep humid but not soggy.', progression:'Seed / cutting \u2192 4-inch pot \u2192 larger shrub pot if needed \u2192 Field planting.', water:'Low to moderate. Avoid saturation.', light:'Bright light. Harden to full sun.', outplant:'Best age 12\u201324 months. Plant November\u2013February.', establish:['Year 1: 5 gallons every 2\u20133 weeks during drought.','Year 2: drought only.'], notes:'Slow, stubborn, and worth it. Do not throw away seed trays too early.' }, { code:'O', slug:'elbowbush', common:'Elbowbush', latin:'Forestiera pubescens', group:'shrub', role:'Wildlife thicket shrub. Elbowbush provides fruit, cover, early pollinator value, and resilient shrub structure.', diff:'3 / 5', growth:'Moderate', drought:'Excellent', flood:'Good', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Moderate', method:'Cuttings and seed', container:'4-inch pot', sitePrimary:'River edge, Drainage edge, Filter Band, Shelterbelt', siteSecondary:'Upland thicket pockets', siteAvoid:'\u2014', soils:'All mapped soils', hydrology:'Adaptable; tolerates more moisture than agarita', seed:'Collect ripe purple-black berries late summer to fall.', strat:'Clean pulp thoroughly. Cold stratification 90\u2013120 days.', prop:'From seed: sow 1/4 inch deep after stratification. From cuttings: semi-hardwood early summer, rooting hormone + humidity dome; rooting in 4\u201310 weeks.', progression:'Seed / cutting \u2192 4-inch pot \u2192 Field planting.', water:'Moderate moisture. Do not keep saturated.', light:'Bright light to part sun. Harden to full or part sun.', outplant:'Best age 6\u201318 months. Plant November\u2013February.', establish:['Year 1: 5 gallons every 2 weeks during drought.','Year 2: drought only.'], notes:'Better from cuttings than seed if donor plants are available.' }, { code:'P', slug:'fragrant-sumac', common:'Fragrant Sumac', latin:'Rhus aromatica', group:'shrub', role:'Drought-tolerant wildlife shrub. Fragrant Sumac provides cover, fruit, erosion control, and low thicket structure.', diff:'3 / 5', growth:'Moderate', drought:'Excellent', flood:'Poor to fair', wildlife:'Good', deer:'Moderate to good', method:'Seed, cuttings, division', container:'4-inch pot', sitePrimary:'Upland Savanna, Shelterbelt, Filter Band, Drainage Edge', siteSecondary:'High river terrace', siteAvoid:'Wet core, saturated soils', soils:'SeC, RuB, SuB', hydrology:'Dry to moderate, well-drained', seed:'Collect ripe red drupes late summer to fall.', strat:'Seeds may require scarification plus cold stratification 60\u201390 days.', prop:'From cuttings: semi-hardwood in summer, rooting hormone recommended.', progression:'Seed / cutting \u2192 4-inch pot \u2192 Field planting.', water:'Low to moderate. Avoid soggy soil.', light:'Full sun.', outplant:'Best age 6\u201318 months. Plant November\u2013February.', establish:['Year 1: 5 gallons every 2\u20133 weeks during drought.','Year 2: drought only.'], notes:'Useful as a low, tough shrub layer around oak savanna plantings.' }, { code:'Q', slug:'muscadine-grape', common:'Muscadine Grape', latin:'Vitis rotundifolia', group:'vine', role:'Native wildlife vine. Muscadine provides high-value fruit for birds, mammals, and people, plus cover and vertical habitat structure along wooded edges and moist corridors. It is the more southern, humidity-tolerant of our two native grapes.', diff:'3 / 5', growth:'Fast', drought:'Good once established', flood:'Moderate to good', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Low to moderate', method:'Cuttings', container:'4-inch pot', sitePrimary:'River Conservation Strip, Drainage Savanna Corridor', siteSecondary:'Shelterbelt and woodland edges', siteAvoid:'Open upland prairie with no support structure', soils:'BeB, Oa, SeC edges', hydrology:'Moderate to moist; tolerates humidity and periodic wet feet', seed:'Collect ripe fruit late summer to fall. Superior fruiting clones are best carried forward vegetatively, not by seed.', strat:'For seed: clean pulp, cold-moist stratify 60\u201390 days. Cuttings bypass this.', prop:'Preferred: dormant hardwood cuttings in late winter, or semi-hardwood cuttings in summer under mist; root in well-drained media. From seed: sow 1/4\u20131/2 inch deep after stratification.', progression:'Cutting \u2192 4-inch pot \u2192 Field planting beside a support tree, fence, or trellis.', water:'Moderate; keep evenly moist while rooting.', light:'Bright light to full sun.', outplant:'Best age 6\u201312 months. Plant November\u2013February.', establish:['Year 1: 5 gallons every 2 weeks during drought.','Year 2: drought only.'], notes:'Give it something to climb from the start. Carry fruit forward from the best-tasting, heaviest-bearing vines by cutting.' }, { code:'R', slug:'chickasaw-plum', common:'Chickasaw Plum', latin:'Prunus angustifolia', group:'wildlife', role:'Thicket-forming wildlife shrub/small tree. Chickasaw Plum builds dense low cover for nesting birds and small game, offers early pollinator bloom, and fruits heavily. It naturally forms colonies that anchor woodland edges and shelterbelt understory.', diff:'2 / 5', growth:'Fast', drought:'Very good', flood:'Fair', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Moderate; browses young growth', method:'Root suckers', container:'4-inch pot or D40', sitePrimary:'Shelterbelt and woodland edges', siteSecondary:'Drainage Savanna Corridor, Filter Band margins', siteAvoid:'Wet drainage core, standing water', soils:'SeC, SuB, RuB', hydrology:'Dry to moderate; well-drained', seed:'Collect ripe plums early summer. Pulp must be cleaned promptly.', strat:'Clean seed and cold-moist stratify 60\u2013120 days. Suckering is faster and truer than seed.', prop:'Preferred: lift dormant root suckers from a donor thicket in winter and pot up. From seed: sow after stratification, expect uneven germination.', progression:'Sucker / seed \u2192 4-inch pot or D40 \u2192 Field planting in clusters to establish a thicket.', water:'Moderate while establishing; tolerant once rooted.', light:'Full sun for best fruiting and density.', outplant:'Best age 6\u201312 months. Plant November\u2013February.', establish:['Year 1: 5 gallons every 2 weeks during drought.','Year 2: drought only.'], notes:'Plant in groups and let it colonize. A Chickasaw Plum thicket is one of the highest-value habitat features we can build quickly.' }, { code:'S', slug:'mustang-grape', common:'Mustang Grape', latin:'Vitis mustangensis', group:'vine', role:'Tough native wildlife vine. Mustang Grape provides fruit for birds and mammals, cover, and vertical habitat complexity along wooded edges and riparian corridors. It is the more drought-hardy, upland-tolerant of our two native grapes.', diff:'3 / 5', growth:'Fast', drought:'Excellent', flood:'Moderate', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Low to moderate', method:'Cuttings', container:'4-inch pot', sitePrimary:'River Conservation Strip, Drainage Savanna Corridor', siteSecondary:'Shelterbelt and woodland edges', siteAvoid:'Open upland prairie with no support structure', soils:'BeB, Oa, SeC edges', hydrology:'Adaptable; tolerates dry ground once established', seed:'Collect ripe grapes in summer. Vegetative propagation preferred for known vines.', strat:'For seed: clean pulp, cold stratify 60\u201390 days. Cuttings bypass this.', prop:'Preferred: dormant hardwood cuttings in late winter, rooted in well-drained media. From seed: sow 1/4\u20131/2 inch deep after stratification.', progression:'Cutting \u2192 4-inch pot \u2192 Field planting beside a support tree or trellis.', water:'Moderate while rooting; drought-tolerant afterward.', light:'Bright light to full sun.', outplant:'Best age 6\u201312 months. Plant November\u2013February.', establish:['Year 1: 5 gallons every 2 weeks during drought.','Year 2: drought only.'], notes:'The rugged upland counterpart to Muscadine. Fruit is intensely acidic when raw \u2014 excellent for wildlife and for jelly.' }, { code:'T', slug:'yaupon-holly', common:'Yaupon Holly', latin:'Ilex vomitoria', group:'shrub', role:'Evergreen structural shrub. Yaupon provides year-round cover, bright red berries that hold into winter for birds, and a dense, shade-tolerant understory layer. It is one of the most reliable evergreen natives we can establish.', diff:'3 / 5', growth:'Moderate', drought:'Excellent', flood:'Good', wildlife:'Excellent', deer:'Good; low browse', method:'Cuttings', container:'4-inch pot', sitePrimary:'Shelterbelt and woodland edges', siteSecondary:'River Conservation Strip, Drainage Savanna Corridor', siteAvoid:'Exposed open prairie with no canopy', soils:'SeC, BeB, Oa', hydrology:'Adaptable; tolerates both dry and periodically wet ground', seed:'Berries ripen in fall. Seed is notoriously slow \u2014 often 1\u20133 years to germinate.', strat:'Long warm-then-cold stratification required for seed. Cuttings are far more practical.', prop:'Preferred: semi-hardwood cuttings in summer under mist; roots readily. Berries carried forward vegetatively hold the fruiting/female trait.', progression:'Cutting \u2192 4-inch pot \u2192 Field planting singly or in cover clusters.', water:'Moderate while rooting; tolerant once established.', light:'Sun to partial shade; densest in sun.', outplant:'Best age 8\u201314 months. Plant November\u2013February.', establish:['Year 1: 5 gallons every 2\u20133 weeks during drought.','Year 2: drought only.'], notes:'Propagate from known female (berrying) plants by cutting \u2014 seed is too slow and unpredictable to rely on.' }, { code:'U', slug:'eastern-cottonwood', common:'Eastern Cottonwood', latin:'Populus deltoides', group:'riparian', role:'Fast riparian pioneer. Eastern Cottonwood puts up rapid shade and structure along the river and wet drainages, stabilizing banks and creating early habitat while slower riparian species mature. A short-lived, fast-return legacy tree for wet ground only.', diff:'1 / 5', growth:'Very fast', drought:'Poor', flood:'Excellent', wildlife:'Good', deer:'Low', method:'Cuttings', container:'D60 Deepot or tall pot', sitePrimary:'River Conservation Strip', siteSecondary:'Wet drainage core, Floodplain Agricultural Basin edges', siteAvoid:'Uplands, dry savanna, near structures or septic', soils:'Oa, BeB (river-influenced)', hydrology:'Wet to seasonally saturated; needs reliable moisture', seed:'Cottony seed ripens late spring and is viable only briefly. Cuttings are the practical route.', strat:'None. Dormant hardwood cuttings root readily without treatment.', prop:'Preferred: dormant hardwood cuttings (pencil-thick, 8\u201312 in) set directly in moist ground or deep pots in late winter. They root vigorously.', progression:'Cutting \u2192 D60 Deepot \u2192 Field planting on wet ground, or set cuttings directly in the field.', water:'High. Do not let cuttings dry out.', light:'Full sun.', outplant:'Best age 6\u201312 months, or direct-stick cuttings. Plant December\u2013February.', establish:['Year 1: keep soil consistently moist; the tree wants water.','Year 2: reduce only if sited on genuinely wet ground.'], notes:'Wet ground only. Keep well away from buildings, drives, and septic \u2014 the roots are aggressive. Plant for fast early structure, not permanence.' }, ]; Object.assign(window, { FS_SP_GROUPS:SP_GROUPS, FS_SPECIES:FS_SPECIES });